If there's been a person immutable rule through American television heritage, it's been community news. Just about from The instant the station initial signed on air, they started carrying area news the place sporting activities always played A serious job. A lack of steady programming resources in these early yrs led many stations to turn to sports activities to fill their broadcasting schedules. The big apple's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its first broadcast was an experienced baseball match ("NBC Record", 2003). When developing nearby newscasts to match their viewers, these stations commonly bundled sporting activities and weather. As an example, in 1961 WKMG commenced its initially whole-time information Section in Orlando. Newscasts involve Frank Vaught's sporting activities reports ("The history of," 2003).
Sports have held a dominant position in nearby news broadcasting for several years, but recent industry traits have known as into query this place. Segmented audiences, altering demographics, and declining information profitability have compelled the station to reexamine its community athletics section. “Sports activities is amongst the final areas of Television set where by persons do factors the best way they usually have,” says tv government Elliott Wiser. “(These days) a new solution is required” (Deggans, 2000).
Difficulty for Nearby Television set Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Undertaking for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 two/three가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 76%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 nine월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 7% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and Television Information Director’s Association(“Switching channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). Tv set 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 4~five개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Issue for Area Tv set Sports
None of the is good news for that neighborhood tv sports activities sector, which is ever more under scrutiny from station execs. Irrespective of its standard existence inside community newscasts, sports have very long been regarded as a "tuning" component. In accordance with a study with the Radio and tv News Administrators Basis, only 31% of viewers stated they ended up 'extremely intrigued' in sporting activities and 32% had been 'rather interested' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to 72% who expressed fascination in the climate. "Athletics are extremely polarizing." mentioned tv information consultant Brent Magid. “The majority can acknowledge, go away, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Research have proven that Gals are considerably much less enthusiastic about sporting activities than men (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and lots of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early night newscasts. As outlined by station information director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when no one is listening isn't a superb utilization of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have eradicated the Activity, while some have minimized their allotted time. Depending on the day from the week (weekends have much more sports activities time), sports activities segments have typically acquired amongst 3 and 5 minutes of regional news coverage. Now that amount is down to about a minute. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA cut the time for sporting activities by just a few and also a 50 percent minutes for 3 hrs of reports. Other individuals inside the market have applied new approaches, such as sporting activities tales that emphasis far more on folks than scores or cater to some wider information audience. "What we're trying to do now could be take care of sports activities as news," suggests KDKA information director Al Blinke. “We want to do something further than athletics” (Finder, 2002).
Discussion
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Television set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Variations in regional sports activities may be a mirrored image from the large upheaval occurring all through broadcast 스포츠중계 information. In the event the sporting activities sector is no more Secure, How about other news aspects? CBS Group Information Vice President Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) explained, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [news] product.”
On a more speedy degree, variations while in the local athletics sector straight have an impact on A large number of aspiring sportscasters. Stations that happen to be decreasing their motivation to sports will also be lessening their sports activities workforce degrees, which impacts the job industry. A further news director mentioned, "[Athletics on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two full-time sportsmen to 1 whole-time, one accountable for the information a few days every week, and it absolutely was a fight to stay there.”
Equally critical, improvements in the way sports are offered are forcing athletics broadcasters to know new methods. No longer can sportscasters give attention to scoring. They have got to help make the presentation more engaging for regular followers. This can be also critical for journalism educational facilities across the nation, which need to doc what stations want in the sports sector and update their coaching curricula.
Will these modifications function or persist? Sports activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented around the alter in KDKA, “Allow’s reserve last judgment till September, when the Steelers, school, and high school soccer seasons start off in earnest. Then the station might be . There may be an mistake in clock management.”